Lifting the corporate veil free essay sample

The recognition that a company is a separate legal entity distinct from its shareholders is often expressed as the â€Å"veil of incorporation†. General principle, once a company is incorporated, the courts usually do not look behind the veil to inquire why the company was or who really controls it. However in certain situations, the court will ignore the separate legal personality of a company and look to the members/controllers of the company is â€Å"lifting the veil†. This would involve treating the right or liabilities or activities of the company as the rights or liabilities or activities of its shareholders, for example treating the business od a company as that of its principal shareholder. Lifting the corporate veil is something expressly authorised by statute (statutory exceptions) and something it is adopted by the courts (judicial exception). STATUTORY EXCEPTIONS -When members become less than 2. Companies Act 1956 states that â€Å"if at any remaining member has 6 months to find another member, after which the court will lift the corporate veil and hold the sole member liable for all debts of the company† Exceptions in this case: (a) If the sole member was not aware that he was the only remaining member; or (b) The sole member is a holding company owning the entire shares of the company concerned (a wholly owned company). We will write a custom essay sample on Lifting the corporate veil or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If an officer of a company signs or issue or authorises the signing or issuance of certain instruments on behalf of the company, on which the company’s name does not appear properly -Section 121(2) Companies Act 1956 states that â€Å"such officer will be personally liable† The name of the company must appear in letters on all bill of exchange, promissory notes, cheques, negotiable instrument, endorsements and orders. If the name of the company is not properly mentioned on any of these documents, the person who signed or issued the document is liable to the holder of the document for the amount due, unless the company pays upon the instrument. -If the company carries on its business for a fraudulent purpose: Section 304(1) and (5) Companies Act 1956 states that â€Å"where any business of the company has been carried put with intent to defraud creditor of the company, the court may make the persons who were knowingly a party to the fraudulent trading may be personally liable for debt or other liabilities of the company†. At the time when a debt is contracted on behalf of a company, the officer of the company had no reasonable expectation that the company would be able to pay the debt: Section 303 (3) and 304(2) Companies Act 1956 states that â€Å"such officer will be personally liable†. In other word, that officer may be guilty of an offence and on conviction, he may be liable to pay of the whole or any part of the debt so contracted. -Transactions by a company which have the effect of avoiding or evading tax: Section 140(1) o Companies Act the Income Tax Act 1967 states that â€Å"give the right the Director-General of Inland Revenue to lift the corporate veil†

How to Figure Out What SAT Math Questions Are Really Asking

How to Figure Out What SAT Math Questions Are Really Asking SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips SAT Math questions often hit you with a lot of jargon. Some types of questions are prone to being pretty wordy, and many problems just don't make sense- they simply don't click in your brain. Well, this state of affairs simply will not do. There's got to be a better way of hammering away at these problems. And, lo and behold, the post that follows has arrived to illuminate this path. This article will walk you through how to figure out what an SAT Math question is really getting at- what it's trulyasking under all that banter. The SAT Math Question Method This process applies to all types of math problems, from word problems to algebra problems to geometry problems (and all the rest of it). The point of this procedure is to find out what the problemisreally asking so you can avoid solving for the wrong variable or answering the wrong question. A lot of it comes down to staying calm and returning to the information you know. Panicking won't help you, andyou can always build off of the information that you understand. Step 1: Give the Problem a Fair, Level-Headed Read The point here is to assess, calmly, where you are with the problem. Some problems are easy to understand, and some are not, but you won't know until you do some reading. Take a look at this question: Now, depending on how handy you are with systems of equations, this might look likean easy problem or a harder problem. The question, though, is pretty clear: "What is the value ofx?" That's what this question is asking at its very core. Not all questions will be that direct: This question has so many words that it's pretty easy to get lost in the jumble of what it's trying to say. At least, though, if we've read the problem, we know something about its general topicand we know to be very careful as we identify what it's asking.At this point, it may seem unclear: do we want Jessica's initialdeposit? Or how much money Jessica has at the end? Or else Tyshaun? The answer is none of the above, as it turns out- read on to see why. At least Jessica and Tyshaun have wisely invested their money instead of gambling it away. Step 2: Find Your Given Information and Your Question or Command Question and command terms give you crucial information about what you want to find. In the question involving Jessica and Tyshaun, I see the words, "how much (more)." That's ahuge clue to tell you what you're looking for: you want to know, in the test's words, "After 10 years,how much more money will Tyshaun's initial deposit have earned than Jessica's initial deposit?" In this example, "how (much)" is easily identified as part of a question, but be on the lookout for non-question command terms, likefind,identify, ordetermine. These, along with traditional question words likewho/what/where/when/why, are key to understanding what the problem wants you to do or to answer. Quantities are also relatively easy-to-identify pieces of given information. With Jessicaand Tyshaun, I see quantities $100, 2%, 2.5%, and 10 years. Don't skimp out on those units! The number 10 isn't much help unless I know we're talking about years. Labels are important, too. For instance, I see that Jessica and Tyshaun are earning "interest compounded annually." All this information will help you solve the problem. Not everything in every problem will help, though, so be sure to eliminate anything that seems extraneous at this point.There's not a whole ton of slack when it comes to Jessica and Tyshaun; all of that information really does pertain to the problem.Take a look at this problem, though: We don't really care that this is a storage silo being used by a dairy farmer. We can cut straight to "right circular cylinder" and go from there. Step 3: Take a Look at the Answers If the question is multiple choice, see how the answers differ. What changes from one to another? Is it the quantities involved? The arrangement of variables? The units? Check to see what stays the same and what doesn't. That'll give you some hints as to what to pay attention to. Ask yourself, what are these answer choices answering, exactly? That should be a good indicationwhere, generally, you should be looking- eliminate answers that don't answer what the question asked. Or, if they all answer the same question, that's a strong indicator of what question you should be examining. Hints may come from the units. The question, "How much milk does the dairy farm produce in a month?" would never beenanswered with a quantity of miles or cows. Gallons, maybe. Liters, maybe. But not kilometers or degrees. Why isn't "I don't know" a possible answer on the SAT? I mean, it's a true statement, right? Step 4: Rephrase the Question in a Way That Makes Sense to You You've picked out the interesting points in the problem. You've isolated the question/command. You've considered what the answershave to say. Now, bring everything together and try to express it in your own words. With Jessica and Tyshaun, I might say, "How much more money does Tyshaun earn in 10 years than Jessica?" Your version might sound a little different- that's fine, as long as we're working off of the same concept. More Helpful Tips for Understanding SAT Math Problems What follows is a smattering of other principles you can apply to math problems that are giving you trouble. Apply them often. #1: Remember There Are a Ton of Ways to Rephrase the Same Information You can word anything about a million different ways, switching from verbal to numeric and back again. Know which methods of expression jive best with you; are you more about the words or the symbols (and so on)? #2: Take Things One Step at a Time Remember that facts often flowfrom each other, one following another. You may not be given the information you need to find the answer directly, but you'll be given the information you need to findthe information you need to find the answer. If you're not sure, just take the next step you know how to take given what you know; it might lead somewhere! #3: The Test-Makers MustGive You Enough Information Again, you may need to take several steps to reach the answer, but, unless there's an answer choice which specifies that not enough information was given, there has to be enough there to find an answer. Line up all the information you've been given and ask, what bit of information is missing? And how could I find it? It's all about assembling clues. #4: IfDoesn't Mean Optional When you see the wordif, don't think of it as expressing an uncertain contingency:if means, "Be confident that it is so in the world of the SAT." In the silo problem above, "If the volume of the silo is 72Ï€ cubic yards..." means, "The volume of the silo is 72Ï€ cubic yards. Period." #5: NoteMeans"Pay Attention!" When you see the wordnote at the end of a problem, it's time to take its message to heart. Itmight be a unit conversion, as in, "Note: 1 mile - 5,280 feet," or else some other such necessary information, but it will certainly be worth, well,noting. Conclusion A lot of solving strangelyworded SAT Math problems comes down to staying calm and returning to what you know. First, give the problem a fair read. Next, dissect what it's really telling you, and what of that might be useful. If you're stuck, try working backwards. Keep the big picture in mind. Don't be afraid to tinker with problems- get that pencil moving, and do whatever looks possible: it's worth seeing what happens. What's Next? First of all, make your peace with the fact that you'll get stuck sometimes, and learn how to overcome it when it happens. Then, get going on some practice problems, including a set of real whoppers assembled for you with care. You may also be interested in paying some special attention to word problems, as these are often the toughest to interpret. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Math strategy guide, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

CRIMINAL JUSTICE MANAGEMENT Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

CRIMINAL JUSTICE MANAGEMENT - Term Paper Example Yet, if, in the process of preparing to commit a crime, another crime is executed out by any of the conspirators, the remaining conspirators would be deemed as culpable of the felony as much as the actual perpetrator. The US’s Supreme Court decisions in the cases of Enmund v. Florida (1982) and Tison v. Arizona (1987) are basically seeking to separate innocent accomplices from guilty ones during prosecution and sentencing. In the former case, the Court limited the putting of accomplices in murder cases to death to when the individual in question does not kill, try to kill, or predict that a killing would happen or lethal force would be used. But in Tison v. Arizona (1987), the Court widened the scope of executing murder accomplices, perhaps because most of them are major participants in the crime. In light of these bodies of law, murder accomplices should be executed because they are oftentimes guilty of aiding and or abetting the crime by their actions or omissions (Fears 1). In this case, with the armed Reneau setting out the commit the robbery, Wood cannot claim that he did not foresee the use of lethal force and or murder in the convenient store; therefore, he should be put to death. Criminal culpability and sentencing requires the meeting of actus reus (guilty act) and mens rea (guilty mind) conditions in the successful trial of a suspect. In light of these doctrines, an accomplice in a felony murder may be less guilty than the actual murderer by virtue of the lack of mens rea. This implies that an accomplice may be actively involved in a crime (by act) and not by mind. As such, subjecting such an accomplice to death sentence would be tantamount to miscarriage of justice (Crump 1156). According to Garberg and Libkuman (554), except for cases in which the principal criminal was not actually the principal, in the

Blood Spatter Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Blood Spatter Analysis - Essay Example Interpretation of bloodstain patterns entails physical measurements of blood droplets, knowledge of motion in Physics, use of trigonometry, as well as recognition of patterns using already known experiments or photographs (Gardner & Bevel, 2008). Other evidence such as tool mark, footprint impressions, fingerprints, chemical analysis, DNA evidence are used together with splatter analysis to create the sequence of events that led to the crime. While collecting evidence using splatter analysis; care should be taken since bloodstains cannot be carried to the laboratory lab for interpretation. Photographs should also be taken in addition to drawing of sketches to facilitate piecing of the puzzle together. The photographs and sketches are essential since they help in keeping visual records of the evidence. Substrate splatter analysis technique is one of the most accurate techniques. This is attributed to the fact that it facilitates the preservation of the samples for additional chemical and biological analysis (Gardner & Bevel, 2008). Additionally, the hyper-spectral imaging used in substrate splatter analysis offers a clarity for visualizing the blood splatter; thus, necessitating easy and detailed analysis. From the above information, it is extremely essential to employ the use of splatter analysis in solving violent

Team Development Module 2 - SLP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Team Development Module 2 - SLP - Essay Example This will result to increase in organization’s competence on a global perspective. Workers from varied background have different talents and skills which adds value to the organization. In a health set up, diversity may improve the healthcare offered to the patients (Friedman, 2012). This is because, patients feel psychologically contented to share their experiences with people from different cultures (Shipman, 2007). In most hospital organizations, patients come from different diversified groups. For example elderly patients may not be able to disclose their problems to young employees because of the age difference (Findley, 2008). Also, in some cases, some patients may be unwilling to share their experiences with employees from opposite sex. Therefore, it is essential for the healthcare organizations to hire diversified workers who will take care of the needs of diversified clients. Diversity in healthcare organization brings together employees with different experiences and skills. Therefore, the workers are able to share their knowledge and encounters (Findley, 2008). This is essential for the healthcare organization because there is no time they will run short of expertise. The manager of the healthcare organization should always ensure a balance between different groups as a way of creating harmony and success in the organization (Shipman, 2007). Multicultural teamwork in a health organization refers to a situation where the organization has hired workers from different ethnic background (Friedman, 2012). People from different civilization have varied attitudes to work and use different approaches to solve issues in an organization. They have divergent preferences and values which affect the overall performance of the organization. In the modern society, healthcare organizations are experiencing cross-cultural challenges because they receive clients from different

Appeal of the Nazi Party

Appeal of the Nazi Party After World War I the country of Germany was no utopia leaving it vulnerable and a perfect target for the Nazi Party. There was depression, food shortage, disorder, social upheaval, anger and a loss of faith within the German citizens. The citizens were all frantically and desperately looking for someone or some party to take charge of the situation, make it better not only for individuals but the country as a whole. One can say that when the Nazi party stepped out of the shadow and into the light, the German citizens were blinded by their past sufferings and anxious desires that they did not see the Nazi party for what it truly was. Nevertheless, the Nazi party was capable of gaining control for a number of reasons; using the past governments mistakes for their benefit, they used the existing economic troubles to attract people to their party, they used the help of the always appealing and nationalist Hitler but the Nazi party was able to maintain control and power over the country and the minds of citizens through the use of propaganda. The method of propaganda used by the Nazi party contributed to the success of the political party because it was able to help them gain support from the people of Germany by influencing their minds that contributed to their actions, blind the world into what was in fact the partys goal and propaganda led to the massacre that occurred within World War II. Nazi propaganda was aimed at appealing to emotions rather than sound or even reasoning and behind it all were messages that were brain washing. Propaganda eliminated individuals so only the Nazi party itself existed and with only one party existing the citizens of Germany were trapped within their own country. The past of Germany allowed the Nazi party to come into the country and use propaganda to take control and maintain power. The Nazis used propaganda to let German citizens who they were and what their power would do. Nazis used propaganda to get the German citizens to ta g along with what they believed and brought them into a country of chaos, death and a country that alone 2started World War II. If it was not for the extreme use of propaganda the appeal of the Nazi party would have not been as influential as it was with the German citizens. In Nazi Propaganda written by Zeman he defines propaganda as the art of persuasion: persuading others that one side of the story is correct. Propaganda might take the form of persuading others that military might is too great to be challenged; that political might within a nation is too great or popular to challenge or that a government should not be challenged since it is looking out for the best for the nation.[1] Within Nazi Germany, Hitler issued Dr. Joseph Goebbels as head of propaganda. Joseph Goebbels had one important responsibility as the head of propaganda which were to ensure that no one in Germany could observe or examine anything that was argumentative or harmful to the Nazi party. In Nazi Propaganda by Zeman, the author also states that in order to ensure that all was going as followed within Germany; the Reich Chamber of Commerce was established[2]. The organization dealt with literature, art, music, radio, films and newspapers. Each aspect of German society slowly wa s manipulated into German propaganda which was led by the Nazis. Propaganda was the only way that the Nazi party was able to maintain control because the citizens continued to believe and follow the actions of the party. The past of Germany was perhaps the essential aspect that made propaganda so effortless to slither into the government. The Nazi party used the Treaty of Versailles as their main focal point, condemning it and stating it has one of the biggest factors for the failure of the country. The Nazi party promised German citizens that they would be compensated for what was rightfully theirs, promising them work and strength which created a feeling of racial and national superiority. Dr. Robert Ley was part of the the Nazi party and he held many positions within Hitlers Germany and he is best known for the racial superiority that he inflicted within the mind of German citizens.[3] Robert Ley gave a speech on March 31st 1939 titled The Jews or Us in which he rarely talked about the Jews themselves but created a view of domination for Germany. In the first lines of his speech Ley states â€Å"In human life, a leader must emerge who can win others with his faith and make them happy. That is where leadership comes from. The same is true of nations. A nation and a race are called to make the others happy. One nation must rise above the others, and raise the others as well.†[4] Robert Ley implies that Hitler is the leader of the world, of humans that has emerged and that Germany is the nation that will be the one power. Dr. Robert Ley continues to go on in his speech fabricating facts even to say â€Å"England built its empire when our cultural history was already 1500 years old.We led the world for a thousand years before English history even began.†[5] Robert Leys source even fabricates history because the German citizens who have been deprived of education lack knowledge in history, therefore when Robert Ley produces false facts the citizens have no knowledge on what is true or false. The German citizens have been suffering for years and will obey anything that will boost their confidence in the German country. Dr. Robert Leys speech is a prime example of propaganda used by powerful leaders within the Nazi party, fabrications about racial supremacy caused the German citizens to view themselves as above the rest of the world and therefore some trul y believed that the actions being committed by their party or the thoughts running through individual minds were in fact, true. In the book Nazis: A Warning from History author Laurence Rees states that the citizens of Germany were influenced to the extreme by the Nazi party that they could not even see right from wrong.[6] The German citizens were so vulnerable due to the past events that had occurred in their country that propaganda was in many ways unproblematic to impede in the minds of citizens. With the conflicting and suffering of the past, the Nazis were able to create a sense of nationalism and racial supremacy. However, the Nazis were able to continue to manipulate the citizens through the use of propaganda in everyday life. The organization that controlled Nazi propaganda was carefully hidden from public view; Hitler organized it so well that there were numerous sections dealing with culture, spiritual, architecture, radio etc. The main aim of Nazi propaganda was to achieve recognition of the party not only within the state but within each individual. In the book Nazi Dictatorship written by Ian Kershaw it states how the Nazis held regular book burnings, in which Nazis would ransack libraries, houses, schools and remove all that did not fit the Nazi ideals.[7] Along with book burning the Nazis also took control of the press. When Hitler first came into power there was over four thousand seven hundred and three newspapers within Germany, yet by the end of 1934 the part y controlled about four hundred and thirty six newspapers indirectly and directly. Alongside taking control of literature and daily news Hitler took control of radio life as well as film. In Nazis: A Warning from History Laurence Rees discusses how to ensure that Hitler was heard Joseph Goebbels organized a sale of radios at a fraction of the price they would normally be therefore it would guarantee that citizens heard the speeches delivered by Hitler, it was also essential for speakers to be put on street corners and in restaurants so that avoiding Hitler was impossible.[8] Along with the radio came propaganda within films seen within the theatres or commercials. The Nazi party was attracted to films because â€Å"they were easier to make and mould and because they reached much wider audiences than live theatre.†[9] Each aspect of public and private life was invaded and changed in order to fit the Nazis dictatorship. As Zemen states in Nazi Propaganda â€Å"they amount of p ropaganda within German society and the extent and influence it had on people, even history cannot account for.†[10] The Nazi party had an appeal on citizens because it took over lives; it took over simple aspects such as reading an article, watching a film or even fabricating history. As Joseph Goebbels stated â€Å"the essence of propaganda consists in winning people over to an idea so sincerely, so vitally, that in the end they succumb to it utterly and can never escape from it.†[11] A large aspect of propaganda produced during World War II was those outlining the Jews within the German state. The Nazi party was known for its Anti-Semitic views and blamed the Jews for the current conditions of the country. In 1943 the Nazi party published a pamphlet in which the section about the Jewish race is titled The Jew as World Parasite in which the Nazis stated how the war was the fault of the Jewish people â€Å"In this war for the very existence of the German people, we must daily remind ourselves that Jewry unleashed this war against us. It makes no difference if the Jew conceals himself as a Bolshevist or a plutocrat, a Freemason, or uses some other form of concealment, or even appears without any mask at all: he always remains the same. He is the one who so agitated and spiritually influenced the peoples that stand against us today†[12] The Nazi party was able to use propaganda to create the Jewish people to be seen as monsters that had destroyed the country of Germany and had poisoned it. Nazis blamed the race for the lack of jobs, the economic conditions, the high prices, and the food shortage and on one account it is known that the Jewish race gets the blame for the outcome of the Treaty of Versailles. The German citizens had pain and they needed someone or a group to blame for the problems the country was facing. The citizens had a history of corrupt governments and dictatorship but could not seem to grasp that a government just like the political party of the Nazi was at the fault of the failure of the German state. The Nazi party appealed to the citizens of Germany because they provided the citizens with racial supremacy, nationalists views, a race to blame and this was all done with propaganda that clouded their judgements. The Nazi party was able to appeal to the state of Germany and through the citizens through the extreme use of propaganda. Whether it was using the past conflicts, failures of the state, economic situations or bad governance the Nazi party came into control by fabricating aspects of reality. The Nazi party was able to maintain power by manipulating the citizens through the influence of propaganda within the films, radios, newspapers, books and even creating false images of other human beings surrounding the German state. The party blocked the world from Germany and Germany from the world, it trained not only adults but young men, women and children to think and act just as the cruel and powerful leaders did. Propaganda was able to persuade and brain wash the vulnerable citizens with the state into believing and following the ideals of the Nazi party. Propaganda led to the massacre of thousands of people within a nation who had been waiting for a leader to help them remove suffering an d pain, yet only death was brought upon by the once viewed â€Å"hero.† As the head of the Nazi party, Adolf Hitler said â€Å"Through clever and constant application of propaganda, people can be made to see paradise as hell, and also the other way round, to consider the most wretched sort of life as paradise†[13] Bibliography Kershaw, Ian. The Essence of Nazism .The Nazi Dictatorship: Problems and Perspectives of Interpretation, 2nd Edition. London: Edward Arnold, 1989. 22. Print. Kitchen, Martin. Nazi Rule.A History of Modern Germany, 1800-2000. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2006. 279. Print. Ley, Robert . Robert Ley Speech (31 March 1939).Calvin College Distinctively Christian, Academically Excellent, Always Reforming. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Mar. 2010.

Good Instructor :: essays research papers

Whether a good or bad instruction can affect the learning of students. A lot of instructors had been teaching me through out my years in school. No doubt some of the instructors are good and some of them are bad. Whether the instructor is bad or good cannot be judge by his or her education background. It is also important that they have a good way and method of treating and teaching their student. Teaching individually will be very effective, however, it will not happen in a classroom. In order to be affecting in the classroom, I think the instructor should be patient to the students, understand how people learn, be familiar with the difficulties people have with learning, then recognize these difficulties when they occur in class and know how to overcome these difficulties, and finally plan and be prepared to teach.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is hard for an instructor to teach a lot of student with different learning ability at the same time; therefore, the primary factor to teach is patient. Patient is a primary thing to be an instructor. There are a lot of student in a classroom. The instructor should know that different person has different learning ability. Some Student may learn very fast but some learn very slowly. The instructor should not expect all students get the knowledge right after he taught. Student may ask a lot of questions or need to be explained a lot of time to understand the material. The instructor should be patient to the student when dealing with different students. Knowing that there are a lot of materials from the book to cover in a school year, a well skilled instructor should always plan ahead for the lecture. Remember there are poorly skilled instructors too - most of us have had inexperienced or poor teachers. Good Instructor :: essays research papers Whether a good or bad instruction can affect the learning of students. A lot of instructors had been teaching me through out my years in school. No doubt some of the instructors are good and some of them are bad. Whether the instructor is bad or good cannot be judge by his or her education background. It is also important that they have a good way and method of treating and teaching their student. Teaching individually will be very effective, however, it will not happen in a classroom. In order to be affecting in the classroom, I think the instructor should be patient to the students, understand how people learn, be familiar with the difficulties people have with learning, then recognize these difficulties when they occur in class and know how to overcome these difficulties, and finally plan and be prepared to teach.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is hard for an instructor to teach a lot of student with different learning ability at the same time; therefore, the primary factor to teach is patient. Patient is a primary thing to be an instructor. There are a lot of student in a classroom. The instructor should know that different person has different learning ability. Some Student may learn very fast but some learn very slowly. The instructor should not expect all students get the knowledge right after he taught. Student may ask a lot of questions or need to be explained a lot of time to understand the material. The instructor should be patient to the student when dealing with different students. Knowing that there are a lot of materials from the book to cover in a school year, a well skilled instructor should always plan ahead for the lecture. Remember there are poorly skilled instructors too - most of us have had inexperienced or poor teachers.

Hillcrest Case 7 Operative

OPERATIVE REPORT Patient: T. J. Moreno Patient ID: 110497DOB: 02/15Age: 44Sex: M Date of Admission: 10/09/2013 Date of Procedure: 10/09/2013 Admitting Physician: Patrick Keathley, MD Endocrinology Surgeon : Dr. Max Hirsch, MD Orthopedics Assistant: Markus Leroy Johnson PAC (Surgical assistant was used for soft tissue protection and retraction and also for maintaining reduction during temporary and permanent fixation use of surgical assistant was medically necessary, and to prove the safety and efficacy of the procedure. Preoperative Diagnosis: Left hindfoot osteoarthritis. Postoperative Diagnosis: Left hindfoot osteoarthritis. Operative Procedure: 1) Triple arthrodesis . 2) Popliteal sciatic block placed by surgeon explicitly for postoperative pain management. Anesthesia: General by Chuck Delaney, MD. Condition during anesthesia, stable. Specimen Removed: Nine. IV Fluids: See nurse’s notes. Estimated Blood Loss: See nurse’s notes. Urine output: See nurse’s notes. Complications: None. Postoperative condition: Stable (Continued) OPERATIVE REPORT Patient: T. J. MorenoPatient ID: 110497DOB: 02/15Age: 44Sex: M Page: 2 INDICATION: A 44 year old male with hindfoot osteoarthritis pain, who has failed conservative management after reviewing risks, benefits and alternatives, he has agreed to proceed with surgical management. Risks of delayed healing, non-healing and infection, nerve vessel tendon injury, ongoing pain and discomfort, procedure failure, need for revision surgery, and/or hardware removal noted. The fact that he will have a stiffed hindfoot noted. Patient’s questions were answered, and he was consented for the planned procedure.PROCEDURE IN DETAIL: The patient was taken to the operating room where general anesthesia was induced. Time out was taken indicating the appropriated site, procedure, and patient. Operative site was initialed, one gram of Ancef given IV. Popliteal block was placed medial to lateral hamstring, 3 fingerbreadt hs proximal flexion crease to the knee. Intraneural injection of avoided by reducing the amperage to below 1 milliamp, seeing an obliteration of motor response. The extremity was prepped and draped in the usual fashion. Extremity exsanguinated, tunicate inflated.No equinus was present. Metier incision made from the tip of the fibula to the base of the fourth metatarsal. Extensor digitorum brevis and fat pad were elevated off the inferior peroneal retinaculum. Calcaneocuboid and subtalar joints were carefully exposed, denuded of cartilage, and prepared with a 4mm osteotome for arthrodesis. The calcaneocuboid joint was exceptionally osteoarthritic. The talonevicular joint linear incision was made in line with the posterior tibial course, sharp dissection carried down through skin with blunt dissection of subcutaneous tissues.Saphenous vein was retracted in a dorsal postion, linear incision made in the periosteum. The calcaneo and the talonavicular joint were carefully exposed. Cartill age, or what was remaining of cartilage was removed. There were extreme osteoarthritic thoughout. Essentially 5%-10% of cartilage remained. The osteophytes were carefully excised with osteotome, the joint was prepared with microfracture using an osteotome on both sides of the joint. (Continued) OPERATIVE REPORT Patient: T. J. Moreno Patient ID: 110497DOB: 02/15Age: 44Sex: M Page: 3Shortly the incision made off the weight bearing surface of the posterior heel. Guide wire from the 70 cannulated set was advanced across the posterior heel across the subtalar joint into the talor neck body junction. This was done while the heel was held in a slight valgus position. After verifying position and measuring, the wire was advanced to the anterior ankle, held with a hemostat. This was followed by sequential reaming with 4. 0 and then 7. 0 cannulated reamers. Next, after tapping, a fully threaded 100 mm screw was placed over a washer. Care was taken to avoid soft tissue impingement posteriorly. Excellent compression, fixation, subtalar joint were obtained without impingement of the ankle. Next the talonavicular joint was reduced to a foot plantar grade position, held with two 4. 0 cannulated screws starting at the naviculocuneiform joint. Next the calcaneocuboid joint again was adjusted to allow for plantar grade foot position. The joint was held with 4 staples from the 3M 15X16mm stabilizer. All wounds were irrigated with normal saline, excellent compression was present in each position, the medial periosteal was repaired with 3. 0 vicral suture.Subcutaneus tissues closed with 3. 0 vicral and skin closed with skin clips. On the lateral side, extensor digitorum brevis was repaied to the inferior peroneal retinaculum as was the fat pad. Subcutaneous tissue was closed with 3. 0 vicral. Skin closed with 4. 0 nylon. The posterior heel was irrigated and closed with 4. 0 nylon suture. A sterile dressing was applied plus telfa dressing, sponge, Webril, cotton roll, and plaster sp lint. The foot was at a final plantar grade position. Image intensification showed well placed hardware, extra articular to the ankle.Patient was taken to the recovery room in stable condition with no known complications. POST-OPERATIVE PLAN: The patient will be observed overnight with pain control maintained. Once he is surgically stable, patient will be transferred to endocrinology for evaluation and care of his newly diagnosed diabetes and hypertension. He is to follow up in my office in one week for wound check. _______________________________________________________________ Max L. Hirsch, MD Orthopedic Surgery mh/xx D: 10/15/20 T: 10/15/20

Appiled Arts Essay

Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the materials used to construct them-clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal-it was once common to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to their being known as the â€Å"applied arts. † Approaching crafts from the point of view of function, we can divide them into simple categories: containers, shelters and supports. There is no way around the fact that containers, shelters, and supports must be functional. The applied arts are thus bound by the laws of physics, which pertain to both the materials used in their making and the substances and things to be contained, supported, and sheltered. These laws are universal in their application, regardless of cultural beliefs, geography, or climate. If a pot has no bottom or has large openings in its sides, it could hardly be considered a container in any traditional sense. Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision, have determined the general form of applied-art objects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits. Buildings without roofs, for example, are unusual because they depart from the norm. However, not all functional objects are exactly alike; that is why we recognize a Shang Dynasty vase as being different from an Inca vase. What varies is not the basic form but the incidental details that do not obstruct the object’s primary function. ?Sensitivity to physical laws is thus an important consideration for the maker of applied-art objects. It is often taken for granted that this is also true for the maker of fine-art objects. This assumption misses a significant difference between the two disciplines. Fine-art objects are not constrained by the laws of physics in the same way that applied-art objects are. Because their primary purpose is not functional, they are only limited in terms of the materials used to make them. Sculptures must, for example, be stable, which requires an understanding of the properties of mass, weight distribution, and stress. Paintings must have rigid stretchers so that the canvas will be taut, and the paint must not deteriorate, crack, or discolor. These are problems that must be overcome by the artist because they tend to intrude upon his or her conception of the work. For example, in the early Italian Renaissance, bronze statues of horses with a raised foreleg usually had a cannonball under that hoof. This was done because the cannonball was needed to support the weight of the leg. In other words, the demands of the laws of physics, not the sculptor’s aesthetic intentions, placed the ball there. That this device was a necessary structural compromise is clear from the fact that the cannonball quickly disappeared when sculptors learned how to strengthen the internal structure of a statue with iron braces (iron being much stronger than bronze). Even though the fine arts in the twentieth century often treat materials in new ways, the basic difference in attitude of artists in relation to their materials in the fine arts and the applied arts remains relatively constant. It would therefore not be too great an exaggeration to say that practitioners of the fine arts work to overcome the limitations of their materials, whereas those engaged in the applied arts work in concert with their materials.

Free Essays on Networks

Networking is one of the most significant steps in the electronic evolution since the invention of the PC. A computer network is a group of connected computers that allow the sharing of information and peripherals. The most basic network is made up of two computers connected by some kind of cable in order to exchange information more quickly and efficiently. A standalone computer is very useful to many businesses, but without a network, those businesses would have to spend twice the amount of money on computerization than they would have to by implementing a network. A network allows many computers to share peripheral devices such as printers and facsimile machines. The two primary benefits of computer networks are sharing of devices and data. There are two basic types of networks: peer-to-peer and server-based. On a peer-to-peer network, any computer can act as a server to share resources with other machines and as a client to access these resources. On the other hand, server-based networks require a server computer whose job is to respond to requests for services or resources from clients elsewhere on the network. Server-based networks are used in most organizations today. There is an advantage to server-based networks such that it centralizes user accounts and eases maintenance with less need for administration. There are some disadvantages as well. Two of the largest and most common disadvantages are server failure and initial start up cost. When the server fails, the whole system is considered useless until the server is fixed. Ser vers can also be very expensive, ranging from $5000.00 to $150,000.00. Also, in order to cut down on server failure, special-purpose server software, hardware and expert staff is required. This will increase cost, but in the long run networks have proven to be very profitable by cutting down on day-to-day office expenditures. Before a server can be incorporated into a business, a networ... Free Essays on Networks Free Essays on Networks Networking is one of the most significant steps in the electronic evolution since the invention of the PC. A computer network is a group of connected computers that allow the sharing of information and peripherals. The most basic network is made up of two computers connected by some kind of cable in order to exchange information more quickly and efficiently. A standalone computer is very useful to many businesses, but without a network, those businesses would have to spend twice the amount of money on computerization than they would have to by implementing a network. A network allows many computers to share peripheral devices such as printers and facsimile machines. The two primary benefits of computer networks are sharing of devices and data. There are two basic types of networks: peer-to-peer and server-based. On a peer-to-peer network, any computer can act as a server to share resources with other machines and as a client to access these resources. On the other hand, server-based networks require a server computer whose job is to respond to requests for services or resources from clients elsewhere on the network. Server-based networks are used in most organizations today. There is an advantage to server-based networks such that it centralizes user accounts and eases maintenance with less need for administration. There are some disadvantages as well. Two of the largest and most common disadvantages are server failure and initial start up cost. When the server fails, the whole system is considered useless until the server is fixed. Ser vers can also be very expensive, ranging from $5000.00 to $150,000.00. Also, in order to cut down on server failure, special-purpose server software, hardware and expert staff is required. This will increase cost, but in the long run networks have proven to be very profitable by cutting down on day-to-day office expenditures. Before a server can be incorporated into a business, a networ...

The John F. Kennedy years were often described as Camelot Term Paper

The John F. Kennedy years were often described as Camelot - Term Paper Example It is difficult to define President Kennedy. He was a man with a hidden past, and one who kept his life in strict compartments. He had spent much of his youth seriously ill, and even throughout his Presidency hid the constant pain he felt, so that even those who were closest to him were unaware of it1. As a man he w as easily bored, loved excitement and was charming to all those he dealt with. Whatever decisions he made he was able to back up through rhetoric and charm regardless of whether the choice that had been taken had been the correct one2. There were many events throughout Kennedy’s short presidency including riots over the admission of Negros into University, the Cuban Missile Crisis, civil rights movements, the Vietnam War, as well as countless other incidents3. The manner in which Kennedy handled these incidents and the depiction of him in later literature and film have led to the years of John F. Kennedy’s presidency have often been called the Camelot years, referring to an idealized time, analogous to the years of King Arthur. Under this analogy, Kennedy is thought of as a hero, promising peace to the United State including the complete withdrawal from the Vietnam War. This never happened because of the assassination of Kennedy in 1953. How realistic is this view of Kennedy? Was he a hero, giving the United States a few golden years, or does this view ignore many of the facts of Kennedy’s presidency? This essay examines some of the key aspects of Kennedy’s presidency, including his opinions and decisions concerning the Vietnam War, the way he was as a leader, how he appeared in public compared to his own staff and his personality. It is proposed that the concept of the ‘Camelot years’ of Kennedy’s presidency was brought about by opinions and theories following his assassination, and perhaps by the fact that he was assassinated, but that this description of his term bears little resemblance either to t he man himself, or the events that occurred throughout his time as President. The Vietnam War Kennedy is often seen as a peace bringer and a hero because of his strong desire to bring about the end of the Vietnam War. This image was first advanced by the film JFK produced by Oliver Stone4. Stone forwarded the idea that Kennedy had the intention of ending the Vietnam War, but that this plan was prevented by his assignation in 1963. The image that Kennedy puts forward is one of a lone hero, and has grown in popular opinion since the film’s release5. Yet, considering him a hero in this respect is not entirely accurate. While it is true that in 1963 he strongly desired to end the war, the actions in the first two years of his presidency were not to this end. When he first took office, the war had been occurring for some time, and the position of the United States was poor and on the verge of collapse. Under his leadership, the war was escalated in 1961 and 1962 with the level of violence being increased6.He was responsible for substantially raising the level of aggression with such acts as ordering a squadron from the United States Air Force to become involved directly in combat operations7. As a consequence, he moved the focus from being warfare that was backed by the United State to direct armed attack8. Indeed, although Kennedy’s military advisors put forward predictions that the increases in violence would eventually lead to a military victory within Vietnam, and allow the United States to withdraw their forces, Kennedy himself never fully supported the idea of withdrawal9. The opinion that Kennedy planned to end the Vietnam War was not the only thesis that has been proposed by supporters of Kennedy. Some have proposed that he planned not only the complete with

The International Monetary Fund and World Bank Annotated Bibliography

The International Monetary Fund and World Bank - Annotated Bibliography Example IMF has laid strategies and efforts to promote sound macroeconomic policies, orderly adjustment, and market-oriented reforms are essential to reduce poverty and income inequality in those countries under the IMF programs. According to the Eurodad report, the organization is paying increasing attention to the quality, not just the quantity, of its adjustment programs. These allegations raised by the IMF are of fundamental nature but I disagree with the initiative based on the following sentiments. In this case, the IMF does not issue fresh instructions to adjust the amount the member must transfer so that the amount will be in accord with the new exchange rates in relation to the loans offered through World Bank. Article IV of the IMF has provided a disagreement support regarding the motion that the IMF and World Bank should not continue attaching strict conditions on how their loan money is used and what other economic changes must occur before the loans are approved. The support is based on the macroeconomic outlook and the risk of economy globally. With the recovery of intense domestic demand in New Zealand by mid-2010, the IMF in conjunction with the World Bank should do away with the strict notions laid on the loans offered to the clients. Such unexpected happenings that were experienced in New Zealand should be planned for when the IMF is issuing out funds through the World Bank. For instance, the IMF director had announced a direct increase on the funding projects in New Zealand by 15%, a state that could not have been implemented in the initial epoch while implementing the standardized value on the funding of the earthquake victims in New Zealand.